https://www.iguiecologia.com/jardins-de-chuva/
Perhaps it is the simplest green infrastructure solution, which can be applied in both residential (accepting water from roofs, patios and sidewalks) and urban (in gardens next to sidewalks)
Fonte: iGUi Ecology
Link: Rain Gardens
A rain garden is a depression (fall) in a land that can be natural or artificial, which in the case of heavy rain is capable of collecting water from roofs, sidewalks and can be from impermeable surfaces (which does not penetrate water) and permeable (which penetrates water). All this water is sent to an underground drainage network.
But why “garden”? The term comes from the appearance of the project as it presents a biological layer, which is very useful in filtering substances before they enter the sewer. In fact, these s are also called bioretention.
As water in urban areas does not have much to drain to, its capture is greater than in natural areas, making the water cycle, that is, water, less effective.
But how does it work?
The first item to check is understanding how water interacts with the place we are trying to improve. Rains are characterized by a brief initial peak with a high volume of water and if this volume exceeds the capacity of the sewage system there is a risk of flooding.
This is when we need to analyze stormwater management considering a complete hydrographic analysis. A rain garden, in its simplest form, is designed to capture runoff water and direct it underground. In relation to plants, the ideal is to plant varied species of local plants, as they are already adapted to the surrounding location, vary in performance according to climate changes in the seasons and have the ability to absorb mineral nutrients and metals. Another fundamental factor is the roots, as the best performance is proportional to the length of the roots.